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KMID : 1025520090510060443
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Journal of Animal Science and Technology
2009 Volume.51 No. 6 p.443 ~ p.452
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Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Between Preadipocytes and Adipocytes Using Affymetrix Bovine Genome Array
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Yu Seong-Lan
Kang Man-Jong
Lee Sang-Mi
Jeon Jin-Tae
Lee Jun-Heon
Jeong Hang-Jin
Sang Byung-Chan
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Abstract
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Adipocytes are differentiated from preadipocytes and have large capacity for storing fats inside cells. In cattle, intramuscular fat (IMF) content is one of the major determinants for meat quality and also highly affects market prices, especially in Japan and Korea. In order to profiling differentially expressed genes between intramuscular fibroblast-like cells(preadipocytes) and their differentiated adipocytes, we have established intramuscular fibroblast-like cells from M. longissimus thoracis in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The differentially expressed genes were selected by comparing these two types of cells ug thecommercially available 23kese two types of cells ug theco. The results indan ced that 206 arecomelements were differentially expressed. Of these, 67 and 94 ks wn genes were up and d wn regulaced, respectively, in adipocytes ug ng both 2-fold difference and Welch갽s t-test as the cut-off points. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study can be used as good markers for improving meat quality traits with further verification of their biological functions, especially IMF contents in cattle.
Adipogenesis is the differentiation processes from the primitive mesoderm stem cells to preadipocytes and ultimately become adipocytes. This process occurs at both prenatal and postnatal states. The adipose tissues are very important because they can store fats as energy sources. Recently, researches on these cells have been growing because the basic mechanisms of the adipose tissue development can give the solutions for obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart diseases(Zalesin et al., 2008). The basis of these researches was started by making immortal preadipocyte cell lines(Green and Kehinde, 1975). Later on, molecular regulation of adipocyte differentiation has been investigated using immortalized cell lines such as 3T3-L1, Ob1771, and 3T3-F442A. The results were confirmed by in vivo studies including knock out mice and/or transgenic mice(Rosen and Spiegelman, 2000). These results indicated that adipocyte differentiation was controlled by a number of adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-꺛(PPARr) families, and adipocyte determination and differentiation dependent factor 1(ADD1)(Rosen and Spiegelman, 2000; Rangwala and Lazar, 2000). Also, adipocyte differentiation was regulated by differentiation-inducing agents including insulin, dexamethasone and methyl-isobutylxanthine(MIX; a phos- phodiesterase inhibitor) (Girard et al., 1994; Wu et al., 1999; Reusch et al., 2000).
In case of cattle, many researches already have been carried out for identifying underline mechanisms for intramuscular fat deposition. The fat deposition inside muscles is called marbling and this trait is one of the important factors for determining meat quality in cattle(Wood et al., 1999). However, meat quality is very complex trait because it includes all meat related factors containing tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Aso et al.(1995) firstly established intramuscular preadipocyte(BIP) cell line in cattle and they suggested that adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants was different from that of non?ruminants. In addition, they found that extracellular matrix(ECM) of adipose tissue during adipogenesis was newly organized and alternations of this extracellular matrix were associated with ECM proteins(collagen, laminin and fibronectin) as well as caveolin-1 and cytoskeletal proteins(actin and vimentin), which play important roles in intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets(Aso et al., 1995; Nakajima et al., 1998; Inoue-Murayama et al., 2000; Nakajima et al., 2002; Tahara et al., 2004; Takenouchi et al., 2004). However, these results have limitations for only investigation of extracellular matrix. Recently, Taniguchi et al.(2007) profiled differentially expressed genes during early adipogenic differentiation of bovine perimuscular fat (PMF) preadipocytes.
In this study, we investigated differentially expressed genes between intramuscular fibroblast?like cells and their differentiated adipocytes using 23k bovine genome array(Affymetrix, USA) in order to identify important genes for adipogenesis and ultimately give the basic information for identification of genes for the IMF contents in cattle.
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KEYWORD
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Adipocytes, Bovine genome array, Differentially expressed genes, Intramuscular fat, Korean cattle
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